Content Development and Classification of Test Items for Arabic Language (JHS)

Content Areas and Competencies

1. Listening Comprehension (الاستماع)

Competencies:

• Recognize Arabic sounds and phonetic patterns

• Understand spoken Arabic in various contexts

Descriptive Statements:

1. Identify vowel sounds (حركات) in spoken words

2. Answer questions based on heard dialogues

3. Follow simple instructions in Arabic

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2. Speaking Skills (المحادثة)

Competencies:

• Engage in basic Arabic conversations

• Pronounce words correctly with proper articulation

Descriptive Statements:

1. Conduct a self-introduction in Arabic

2. Describe daily activities using the present tense

3. Participate in role-plays (e.g., market scenarios)

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3. Reading Comprehension (القراءة)

Competencies:

• Read and understand simple Arabic texts

• Identify main ideas and details

Descriptive Statements:

1. Read short paragraphs and answer questions

2. Identify nouns and verbs in texts

3. Summarize simple stories in own words

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4. Writing Skills (الكتابة)

Competencies:

• Write simple sentences and paragraphs

• Apply Arabic grammar rules in writing

Descriptive Statements:

1. Form correct sentences using the present tense

2. Write short letters/emails in Arabic

3. Apply proper punctuation (النقاط والفواصل)

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5. Grammar (القواعد)

Competencies:

• Apply noun-adjective agreement

• Use correct verb conjugations

Descriptive Statements:

1. Identify types of nouns (اسم، فعل، حرف)

2. Conjugate regular verbs in present tense

3. Apply gender agreement in sentences

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6. Vocabulary (المفردات)

Competencies:

• Build everyday Arabic vocabulary

• Understand word roots and patterns

Descriptive Statements:

1. Categorize words by themes (family, school)

2. Use dictionaries to find word meanings

3. Identify common Arabic proverbs

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7. Arabic Culture (الثقافة العربية)

Competencies:

• Understand Arab customs and traditions

• Appreciate Arabic literature

Descriptive Statements:

1. Discuss major Islamic/Arab festivals

2. Read and analyze simple Arabic poetry

3. Compare Ghanaian and Arab traditions

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Table of Specification (ToS)

Depth of Knowledge Levels:

• L1: Recall letters, vocabulary

• L2: Form basic sentences

• L3: Analyze texts, apply grammar rules

• L4: Create original paragraphs, compare cultures

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Teaching Tips:

1. Use visual aids for Arabic letter pronunciation

2. Incorporate popular Arabic songs for listening practice

3. Organize calligraphy competitions to boost engagement

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